What makes a species, how courtship helps animals find the right mate, and how phylogenetic classification and binomial names organise living things.
How genetic diversity is compared using observable characteristics, DNA, mRNA and amino acid sequences, plus random sampling, means and standard deviations.
Species richness and the index of diversity, how to calculate and interpret d, and how farming reduces biodiversity and is balanced with conservation.
Compare species richness and the index of diversity (d) by clicking example communities or typing in your own numbers.
How gene mutations and non-disjunction arise, the stages of meiosis, and how crossing over, independent segregation and random fertilisation create genetic variation.
What genetic diversity is, how natural selection changes allele frequencies, directional and stabilising selection, types of adaptation, and required practical 6.
The genome and proteome, the structure of mRNA and tRNA, and how transcription, splicing and translation produce a polypeptide.
How DNA is organised in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, what genes and alleles are, the features of the genetic code, and exons, introns and non-coding DNA.
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