How surface area to volume ratio changes with size, how to calculate it, and why it affects exchange surfaces, transport systems and metabolic rate.
How single-celled organisms, insects, fish, plants and humans are adapted for gas exchange, the mechanism of breathing, and how lung disease affects gas exchange.
How carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are digested by hydrolysis, and how their products are absorbed in the ileum by co-transport and micelles.
Explore how sucrose is actively loaded into the phloem at the source, how osmosis creates hydrostatic pressure, and how mass flow drives translocation to the sink.
How water moves through xylem by cohesion-tension, the factors that affect the rate of transpiration, and how to use a potometer.
How sucrose is translocated in the phloem from source to sink, the mass flow hypothesis, and the evidence for and against it from tracer and ringing experiments.
Explore how water moves from roots to leaves through the xylem via transpiration, tension, cohesion, and adhesion.
Visualise how tissue fluid forms and is reabsorbed, and predict what goes wrong in high blood pressure and low plasma protein conditions.
Explore how haemoglobin loads and unloads oxygen, and how the Bohr effect shifts the curve under different conditions.
Identify the three phases of the cardiac cycle and the valve events that maintain unidirectional blood flow.
How haemoglobin transports oxygen, the dissociation curve and Bohr effect, blood vessels, tissue fluid, and the structure of the heart and the cardiac cycle.
Made with Zola